Understanding the neurobiology of anxiety and its relationship with fear is paramount for developing effective interventions. By targeting these neurobiological processes through medication and behavioral interventions, it is possible to mitigate the generalized nature of anxiety in both humans and canines, improving the quality of life for those affected by anxiety disorders. Part 1 with Dr. Jessica Hekman: So you have a shy dog - one who's easily frightened of strange people or places, or maybe even one who sits at home IMAGINING what horrible thing might happen next. Is this because of genetics? Or did you mess up somehow? Jessica will talk about the biology behind anxiety: the roles of genetics, early environment (as early as in mom's uterus!), and socialization. Spoiler alert: you didn't mess up. But this talk will help you understand better where your dog is coming from and help you think through the many different puzzle pieces that made her who she is. Part 2 with Dr. Kathy Murphy: We will be talking about the neurobiology of anxiety and fear and their relationship to each other. What are the similarities and differences? Are there different neurobiological processes associated with them and how do they impact behavior, and ultimately the interventions and treatments for anxiety and fear related behavioral disorders? What processes are in play when anxiety and fear become more generalized and go beyond the initial trigger; and how can we reduce the risk of this generalization? Anxiety is a complex emotional state with deep-rooted neurobiological foundations closely intertwined with the evolutionary response of fear. This review explores the neurobiology of anxiety and its intimate connection with fear, shedding light on the processes underlying anxiety disorders and their manifestation in canines when generalized beyond the initial trigger. The neurobiology of anxiety and fear shares several commonalities, with the expression of both emotions heavily dependent on the amygdala, the brain's emotional processing center. The amygdala is instrumental in threat detection and the initiation of survival responses such as the "fight or flight" response. An individual with anxiety experiences alterations in the amygdala's activity which may result in heightened sensitivity to potential threats, even when they are not objectively menacing. The transition from fear to anxiety often involves hyperactivity of the amygdala, persistent threat appraisals, and an inability to differentiate between real danger and perceived threats. Anxiety disorders are characterized by intricate neurobiological processes, including dysregulation of the prefrontal cortex, altered neurotransmitter systems (e.g., serotonin and GABA), and chronic activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The inability of the prefrontal cortex to regulate amygdala activity and the long-term activation of the HPA axis contribute to the generalized nature of anxiety. Genetic factors play a crucial role, influencing vulnerability to anxiety disorders. In canines, the process of generalized anxiety beyond the initial trigger shares similarities with humans. Dogs, like humans, exhibit alterations in amygdala function and neurotransmitter imbalances when suffering from generalized anxiety. This often manifests as excessive fear and vigilance in various situations, including those that pose no real threat. Understanding the neurobiology of anxiety and its relationship with fear is paramount for developing effective interventions. By targeting these neurobiological processes through medication and behavioral interventions, it is possible to mitigate the generalized nature of anxiety in both humans and canines, improving the quality of life for those affected by anxiety disorders. Learning Objectives: Awareness of the key brain structures and neural pathways involved in canine anxiety, with a focus on the amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and the HPA axis. Explore the role of neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and GABA, in the regulation of anxiety-related behaviors in dogs. Identify and describe the behavioral and physiological indicators of anxiety in dogs, such as excessive barking, aggression, trembling, and changes in body posture. Understand how these signs relate to neurobiological processes and the dog's emotional state. Examine the genetic factors that may predispose dogs to anxiety disorders, and how epigenetic modifications can influence their susceptibility. Explore the environmental triggers and stressors that can contribute to the development of anxiety in canines, including early socialization experiences and traumatic events. Investigate evidence-based interventions and treatment options for managing anxiety in dogs, including behavioral modification, pharmacological approaches, and lifestyle adjustments. Understand how these interventions target neurobiological processes to alleviate anxiety symptoms and improve the overall well-being of canines.

Sponsor:Behavior Vets
Speaker(s):Jessica Hekman, DVM, PhD; Dr Kathy Murphy, BVetMed, DPhil, CVA, CLAS, MRCVS

Contact: Behavior Vets
 Email: webinars@behaviorvets.com
 Phone: 646-661-1001
 Web: https://behaviorvets.mylearnworlds.com/course/neurobiology-of-anxiety